Road to Disaster: The References and Notes

Photos from: Adobe Stock, Canva Pro, Serve On, or Article 999’s own.
Elements from: Canva Pro, or Article 999’s own.
Researched by: Louise Sopher.

The below appear in order of card number.

  1. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – Ashkenazi.qxd
  2. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – Ashkenazi.qxd
  3. Häske et al, 2022 – Epidemiology and predictors of traumatic spine injury in severely injured patients: implications for emergency procedures | European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
  4. Yeşiloğlu et al, 2023 – CSM_3_1_4_13.pdf
  5. Häske et al, 2022 – Epidemiology and predictors of traumatic spine injury in severely injured patients: implications for emergency procedures | European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
  6. Haines and Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  7. Pan et al, 2019 – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664618300822?via%3Dihub
  8. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – Ashkenazi.qxd
  9. Stanley et al, 2023 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448168/
  10. Yeşiloğlu et al, 2023 – https://jag.journalagent.com/csmedj/pdfs/CSM_3_1_4_13.pdf
  11. Haines & Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  12. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – https://narueducationcentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Pre-hosp_mgt_of_casualties1.pdf
  13. Pan et al, 2019 – Extrication time and earthquake-related mortality in the 2016 Taiwan earthquake – ScienceDirect
  14. Pan et al, 2019 – Extrication time and earthquake-related mortality in the 2016 Taiwan earthquake – ScienceDirect
  15. Haines and Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  16. Haines and Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  17. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – https://narueducationcentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Pre-hosp_mgt_of_casualties1.pdf
  18. Haines and Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  19. NICE fracture guideline NG37, 2022 – Recommendations | Fractures (complex): assessment and management | Guidance | NICE
  20. NICE fracture guideline NG37, 2022 – Recommendations | Fractures (complex): assessment and management | Guidance | NICE
  21. NICE fracture guideline NG37, 2022 – Recommendations | Fractures (complex): assessment and management | Guidance | NICE
  22. Pan et al, 2019 – Extrication time and earthquake-related mortality in the 2016 Taiwan earthquake – ScienceDirect
  23. Vincent & Hazell, 2023 – https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/pelvic-fractures-leaflet
  24. Long et al, 2023 – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0735675723002127
  25. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – https://narueducationcentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Pre-hosp_mgt_of_casualties1.pdf
  26. Haines and Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  27. Stanley et al, 2023 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448168/
  28. Häske et al, 2022 – https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00068-020-01515-w#Sec16
  29. Häske et al, 2020 – Epidemiology and predictors of traumatic spine injury in severely injured patients: implications for emergency procedures | European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
  30. Ashkenazi et al, 2005 – https://narueducationcentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Pre-hosp_mgt_of_casualties1.pdf
  31. Rajagopalan, 2011; Haines & Doucet, 2023 – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4919827/ ; Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  32. Lee et al, 2007 – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2660095/
  33. Häske et al, 2022 – https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00068-020-01515-w#Sec16
  34. NICE guideline NG37, 2022 – Recommendations | Fractures (complex): assessment and management | Guidance | NICE
  35. Gerecht, 2014 – https://www.jems.com/patient-care/emergency-trauma-care/trauma-s-lethal-triad-hypothermia-acidos/
  36. Ruhl et al, 2020 and Siegler et al, 2016 – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341051983_It’s_In_The_Bag_Tidal_Volumes_in_Adult_and_Pediatric_Bag_Valve_Masks ; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10903127.2016.1227003?journalCode=ipec20
    and read more in an Article 999 summary here – https://article999.co.uk/whats-the-evidence-on-bvm-sizes-tidal-volume/
  37. Iskyan, 2022 – https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824224-treatment?scode=msp&st=fpf&socialSite=google&form=login&anfErr=true&anfErrHint=true&icd=login_error_gg_mismatch_fpf&client=205502&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvODI0MjI0LXRyZWF0bWVudD9mb3JtPWZwZiZzY29kZT1tc3Amc3Q9ZnBmJnNvY2lhbFNpdGU9Z29vZ2xl&su=hOpp8BM5sFPSUEz0%2FokjVGraQkts9G%2FzXHXZyYZGuJFtGbuNldHzERbMP%2Bp5oteX
  38. Wallner et al, 2022 – https://sjtrem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13049-022-01005-5
  39. Quinn et al, 2014 – Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for Basic Wound Management in the Austere Environment – Robert H. Quinn, Ian Wedmore, Eric Johnson, Arthur Islas, Anne Anglim, Ken Zafren, Cindy Bitter, Vicki Mazzorana, 2014
  40. Littlejohn et al, 2011; Quinn et al, 2014 – Comparison of Celox-A, ChitoFlex, WoundStat, and combat gauze hemostatic agents versus standard gauze dressing in control of hemorrhage in a swine model of penetrating trauma – PubMed
    Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for Basic Wound Management in the Austere Environment – Robert H. Quinn, Ian Wedmore, Eric Johnson, Arthur Islas, Anne Anglim, Ken Zafren, Cindy Bitter, Vicki Mazzorana, 2014
    (note this may be contradicted slightly by evidence presented by Kunio et al, 2013: Chitosan based advanced hemostatic dressing is associated with decreased blood loss in a swine uncontrolled hemorrhage model – ScienceDirect.
  41. REAL First Aid – The Big Syringe — REAL First Aid
  42. REAL First Aid – In Defence of the SWAT Tourniquet — REAL First Aid
  43. Khaliq & Rodham, 2024 – EMS Pelvic Binders – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
  44. REAL First Aid – realfirstaid.co.uk/packaging
  45. Quinn et al, 2014 – Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for Basic Wound Management in the Austere Environment – Robert H. Quinn, Ian Wedmore, Eric Johnson, Arthur Islas, Anne Anglim, Ken Zafren, Cindy Bitter, Vicki Mazzorana, 2014,
    which references https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20956261/ (2010).
    Note that this is not mentioned in the AHA 2024 guidelines.
    The 2021 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for first aid similarly note there is no evidence, except in the context of shock.
    Evidence that the advice is given out by some first aid providers or guidelines – https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/skin-injuries/cuts-and-grazes/#:~:text=If%20the%20cut%20is%20to,the%20first%20cloth%20or%20bandage..
  46. Quinn et al, 2014 – https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1016/j.wem.2014.04.005#bibr30-j-wem-2014-04-005
  47. Haines and Doucet, 2023 – Severe crush injury in adults – UpToDate
  48. Sources including Riesberg et al, 2021 – The Management of Abdominal Evisceration in Tactical Combat Casualty Care: TCCC Guideline Change 20-02 – PubMed;
    Burns first aid;
    https://www.realfirstaid.co.uk/clingfilm; https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/citation/2004/03000/protection_of_dressings_and_wounds_by_cling_film.78.aspx#:~:text=We%20advocate%20the%20use%20of,in%20children%20to%20avoid%20suffocation.&text=Danish%20Imran%2C%20F.R.C.S.,Darren%20Lewis%2C%20M.R.C.S.
  49. Various – Adaptic Touch Dressings | Adaptic Touch | Wound-Care; Silflex – Advancis Medical;
    Adaptic Touch Dressings | Adaptic Touch | Wound-Care;
    Atrauman Dressings | Wound Care Products;
    Silflex Dressings | Wound Care Products;
    Biatain Foam Adhesive Dressing: Buy Online Now;
    Biatain Silicone Foam Adhesive Dressing | Shop Now;
    https://bnf.nice.org.uk/wound-management/advanced-wound-dressings/vapour-permeable-adhesive-film-dressings-with-absorbent-pad/#tegaderm-pad;
    https://bnf.nice.org.uk/wound-management/advanced-wound-dressings/#vapour-permeable-films-and-membranes
  50. Tomberg and Heare, 2023 – https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pelvic-trauma-initial-evaluation-and-management/print
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